![]() ![]() During the its decline the Empire tried to catch up with the industrialization and a rapidly emerging world market by reforming their own state and society. ![]() The Empire never integrated its conquests economically and therefore never established a binding link with its subjects. Phanariots, who were members of the prominent Greek families came to traditionally occupy major positions in the Empire. ) or converting them into a single nation. The Porte had no official policy of converting the non-Muslims of the Balkans or Anatolia into Islam (their policy was to rule through the Millet system which formed a confessional community for each religion. ![]() The Ottoman Empire differed in that its ruling class made no attempt to integrate conquered peoples culturally. With the rise of nationalism in Europe it became dominated by nation states. During the century many Muslim refugees called Muhacir, mainly from the Balkans but also from the Caucasus, settled in what later was to become the Republic of Turkey after the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. Most of the local Muslims in these countries suffered many died during the conflicts and massacres while others fled. The 19th century saw the rise of nationalism in the Balkans which resulted in the establishment of an independent Greece, Serbia and Bulgaria.
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